Resumo É necessário esclarecer se a maturação biológica e o desempenho no atletismo podem modular a PSE da sessão. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se a maturidade biológica e o desempenho específico no atletismo podem estar associados à carga de treinamento (método de PSE da sessão). Setenta e cinco jovens atletas (13-15 anos) de ambos os sexos participaram do presente estudo. O protocolo experimental durou sete dias consecutivos. Testes de desempenho (75 m de corrida, salto em distância, 250 m de corrida, arremesso de peso e 1000 m de corrida) foram feitos no primeiro dia. Após 48 horas, cinco dias de treinamento de atletismo foram prescritos, cada dia representa um treinamento de cada teste de desempenho. Todas as sessões de treinamento tiveram a mesma duração (120 min). O valor da carga de treinamento foi obtido multiplicando o valor do PSE com a duração da sessão de treinamento (em minutos). Para as meninas, a carga de treinamento de 250 m foi correlacionada com a maturidade biológica (r = -0,36, p = 0,02, n = 37) e desempenho específico (r = 0,33, p = 0,04, n = 37). Todas as outras análises indicam que a maturidade biológica e o desempenho específico no atletismo não influenciam a carga de treinamento com base no método da PSE da sessão. A carga de treinamento com base na PSE da sessão não é influenciada pela maturidade biológica e desempenho específico no atletismo, portanto, pode ser usada para controlar a carga de treinamento de jovens atletas de atletismo. Para as meninas é necessário cuidado para controlar a intensidade das sessões de treino de 250m de corrida.

Abstract It is necessary to clarify if BM and track and field performance can modulate the perception about RPE-session. The purpose of the present study was to verify if biological maturity and track and field-specific performance can be associated with training load (RPE-session method). Seventy-five young athletes (13-15 years old) of both genders participated in the present study. The experimental protocol lasted seven consecutive days. Performance tests (75-m running, long jump, 250-m running, shot put and 1000-m running) were made on the first day. After 48 hours, five days of track and field training it was prescribed, each day represents a training of each performance test. All training sessions had the same duration (120 min). The value of the training load was obtained multiplying the RPE value with training session duration (in minutes). For girls, the training load of 250-m training was correlated with biological maturity (r = -0.36, p = 0.02, n = 37) and specific performance (r = 0.33, p = 0.04, n = 37). All other analyzes indicate that biological maturity and track and field-specific performance do not influence the training load based on RPE-session method. Training load based on RPE-session is not influenced by biological maturity and track and field-specific performance, therefore can be used to control the training load of young track and field athletes. To girls it is necessary a care to control the training sessions intensity of 250-m running.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effects of cataract surgery on cardiac autonomic modulation. METHODS: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at the Hospital Maria Braido in the city of São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, between 2015 and 2016. We investigated 19 patients of both sexes who were all over 50 years old; all patients had a diagnosis of senile or bilateral cataracts and were recommended to undergo implantation of the intraocular lens. Heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated before, during and after cataract surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in the time and geometric domains of HRV before, during or after surgery. The high-frequency (HF) band in normalized units (nu) on the spectral analysis significantly increased (p=0.02, Cohen’s d=0.9, large effect size). However, the low-frequency (LF) band in nu significantly decreased during surgery (p=0.02, Cohen’s d=0.9, large effect size). CONCLUSION: Throughout the intraocular lens implantation cataract surgery, there was an increase in parasympathetic modulation and a decrease in the sympathetic component of the heart rate (HR). We propose that this result is attributable to the supine position of the patients during surgery and the trigeminal reflex.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The baseline PSA has been proposed as a possible marker for prostate cancer. The PSA determination before 40 years seems interesting because it not suffers yet the drawbacks related to more advanced ages. Considering the scarcity of data on this topic, an analysis of PSA kinetics in this period seems interesting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective assay in a database of a private diagnostic center was performed from 2003 to 2016. All subjects with a PSA before 40 years were included. Results: 92995 patients performed PSA between the ages of 21 – 39. The mean value ranged from 0.66 ng / mL (at age 22) to 0.76 ng / mL (at age 39) and the overall mean was 0.73 ng / mL. As for outliers, 3783 individuals presented a baseline PSA > 1.6 ng / mL (p95). A linear regression model showed that each year there is a PSA increase of 0.0055 ng / mL (β = 0.0055; r2 = 0.0020; p < 0.001). A plateau in PSA between 23 and 32 years was found and there were only minimal variations among the ages regardless of the evaluated percentile. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that PSA kinetics before 40 years is a very slow and progressive phenomenon regardless of the assessed percentile. Considering our results, it could be suggested that any PSA performed in this period could represent the baseline value without significant distortions.

Abstract AIMS The purpose of present study was verify if the RPE-training session differs between females and males during the track and field training and if biological maturity (BM) has interference on this response. METHODS Seventy-five athletes (13-15 years old) have participated of study, with 38 male 37 female. Five training sessions of track and field were prescribe and monitoring by RPE-training session (intensity) and Total Quality Recovery (TQR) (recovery). RESULTS There was no statistical difference between males and females on 75-meters run, long jump and shot put. Otherwise, for training of 250 and 1000-meters females related higher RPE-values than males 3.68 ± 0.79, 3.26 ± 0.56, p < 0.01 and 4.14 ± 0.94, 3.72 ± 0.89, p < 0.05; respectively. Even when controlling the effect of biological maturity the same results were observed to 250-meters F1,73 = 2.060; p = 0.002 and 1000-meters F1,73 = 0.997; p = 0.036. There was no difference for TQR between genders. CONCLUSION The comparison the RPE-training session of females and males indicated there were difference to 250 and 1000-m training sessions, females have more RPE-training sessions than males. Additionally, there were no differences between genders for recovery parameters, even controlling BM.

RESUMO BACKGROUND: Estudos anteriores sugerem que certos jogos de vídeo interativos induzem respostas cardiovasculares. No entanto, alguns estilos diferentes de jogos de vídeo nao foram investigados. OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar as respostas cardiovasculares induzidas pelo video game desempenho boxe em mulheres saudáveis. MÉTODO: Foram avaliadas dez voluntárias sedentárias do sexo feminino, com idades de 20,9 ± 1,4 anos, peso 58,7 ± 8,0 kg, estatura 163,2 ± 5,4 cm. Todas foram pesadas e medidas. Suas frequências cardíacas, pressões arteriais e níveis de lactato foram registrados antes e depois de um jogo em vídeo game. As voluntárias jogaram um jogo de vídeo Sony (Nintendo ® Wii) usando a modalidade boxe, na qual todas jogaram por 10minutos ininterruptos. No final do jogo, as voluntárias foram reavaliadas utilizando os mesmos parâmetros mencionados acima. RESULTADOS: Ao final da performance de vídeo game boxe observamos aumentos altamente significativos de produção de lactato (p < 0.0035) e do duplo produto (frequência cardíaca versus pressão arterial sistólica) também foi maior (p < 0.0001). Ambos os parâmetros indicam que o desempenho aumentou a demanda de trabalho do sistema cardiovascular. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que uma performance de jogo de vídeo de boxe de dez minutos induz respostas cardiovasculares similares aos exercícios aeróbicos. Esta pode ser uma forma prática de exercício, mas cuidado deve ser exercido em relação a indivíduos com doenças cardiovasculares.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that some interactive video games induce cardiovascular responses. However, some different styles of video games have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate cardiovascular responses induced by video game boxing performance in healthy women. METHOD: We evaluated ten female sedentary volunteers, aged 20.9 ± 1.4 years, weight 58.7 ± 8.0 kg, height 163.2 ± 5.4cm. All subjects were weighed and measured. Their heart rate, blood pressure and lactate levels were recorded before and after video game performance. The volunteers played a Sony video game (Nintendo® Wii) by using the boxing method, in which all volunteers played for 10 minutes without interruption. At the end of the game the volunteers were reassessed using the same parameters mentioned above. RESULTS: At the end of the video game boxing performance we observed highly significant increases of lactate production (p < 0.0035) and the double product (heart rate vs. systolic blood pressure) was also higher (p < 0.0001). Both parameters indicate that the performance increased demands of the cardiovascular system. CONCLUSION: We conclude that a ten-minute video game boxing performance induces cardiovascular responses similar to aerobic exercise. This may be a practical form of exercise, but care should be exercised concerning subjects with cardiovascular disorders.

Por mais de 30 anos, a Professora Doutora Maria Augusta Peduti Dal Molin Kiss atuou efetivamente no desenvolvimento das ciências do esporte no Brasil. Após esse período dedicado à produção de conhecimento e formação de pessoal, mais um ciclo da sua carreira se completa. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi homenageá-la na ocasião de sua aposentadoria, abordando os principais fatores morfofuncionais determinantes do desempenho na escalada esportiva. Diversos achados indicam que a massa corporal, o percentual de gordura corporal, a força de preensão manual, o metabolismo aeróbio e anaeróbio alático, bem como a economia de movimento, são fundamentais para o sucesso nesse esporte. Para nós é um privilégio ter participado dessa trajetória brilhante da professora Kiss e homenageá-la com esse trabalho de revisão.

During over thirty years, Doctor Maria Augusta Peduti Dal' Molin Kiss has contributed effectively to the sports sciences development in Brazil. After this long period dedicated to the consolidation of knowledge and human resources in this area, another life cycle is fully completed in her career. Thus, the objective of this review is to honor Doctor Kiss in the occasion of her retirement, while showing the main anthropometric and physiological determinants of indoor climbing performance. Several findings indicate that body mass, body fat percentage, handgrip force, aerobic and alactic anaerobic metabolism, and movement economy are crucial to success in this sport. We feel privileged to have been involved in her brilliant carrier and to honor Doctor Kiss with this review.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a relação potência-duração em exercícios de membros superiores (MMSS) e verificar a relação dos parâmetros derivados dessa função com indicadores fisiológicos de aptidão aeróbia. Métodos: Dez homens saudáveis (26,2±2,3 anos, 75,0±11,8 kg, 178,2±11,5 cm e 15,0±5,7% de gordura) realizaram um teste de rampa em cicloergômetro de braço com incrementos de 20 W/min. Posteriormente, cinco testes de carga constante até a exaustão a 70, 80, 90, 95 e 100% da diferença entre LV1 e o VO2pico foram realizados. A potência crítica (PC) foi obtida por meio da linearização da função potência-duração. RESULTADOS: A relação potência-duração foi descrita pela função ajustada (r=0,98±0,02). O VO2 na PC (2,66±0,62 l/min) foi maior do que no LV1 (1,62±0,38 l/min) e LV2 (2,36±0,59 l/min, respectivamente), mas menor do que o VO2pico (3,06±0,62 l/min). A carga da PC (103,0±26,0 W) foi diferente da encontrada em LV1 (69,5±21 W) e VO2pico (151,0±26,3 W), mas não da em LV2 (103,5±30,8 W). A associação entre a PC e esses indicadores de aptidão aeróbia foram todas significantes quando expressas em VO2 (0,73 a 0,78; p<0,05) e em W (0,83 a 0,91; p<0,05). A determinação da PC em exercícios dinâmicos de MMSS é simples e de baixo custo, podendo ser utilizada pelo fisioterapeuta na prescrição e avaliação do treinamento de MMSS. CONCLUSÃO: A relação potência-duração em exercícios com os MMSS pode ser descrita por uma função hiperbólica e está associada a indicadores fisiológicos da aptidão aeróbia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the power-duration relationship in upper limb exercises and to investigate the relationships between parameters derived from this function with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness. METHODS: Ten healthy men (26.2±2.3 years, 75.0±11.8 kg, 178.2±11.5 cm and 15.0±5.7% body fat) performed a ramped test on an arm cycle ergometer with increments of 20 W/min. Subsequently, five tests with constant load were performed until exhaustion, with 70, 80, 90, 95 and 100% difference between VT1 and VO2peak. The critical power (CP) was obtained by means of linearization of the power-duration function. RESULTS: The power-duration relationship was described using an adjusted function (r=0.98±0.02). The VO2 at CP (2.66±0.62 l/min) was higher than VT1 (1.62±0.38 l/min) and VT2 (2.36±0.59 l/min), but lower than VO2peak (3.06±0.62 l/min). The CP workload (103.0±26 W) was significantly different from VT1 (69.5±21 W) and VO2peak workloads (151.0±26.3), but was no different of VT2 (103.5±30.8 W). The association between critical power and aerobic condition indexes were always significant when expressed as VO2 (0.73 to 0.78, p<0.05) and in W (0.83 to 0.91, p<0.05). Determination of CP in upper-limb dynamic exercises is simple and inexpensive, and can be used by physical therapists for prescribing and evaluating upper-limb training programs. CONCLUSIONS: The power-duration relationship in upper-limb exercises can be described by a hyperbolic function and it is associated with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness.